estar
Practice-readyto be (state)
Follows model
The other 'to be' verb. Estar is used for temporary states, locations, and conditions (e.g., Estoy cansado; El libro está en la mesa). Present forms have accented stems in the singular and third pl...
Conjugation
View endings (Guide)Modo
Subjuntivo
Subjunctive
Tiempo
Presente de subjuntivo
Present Subjunctive
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Indicativo — Indicative
Subjuntivo — Subjunctive
Imperativo — Imperative
More tenses are rolling out over time. · Full tables for some supported tenses are visible with Pro.
Formas impersonales
These are the non‑finite verb forms used in combinations and constructions.
- Infinitivo — estar
- Infinitivo compuesto — haber estado
- Gerundio — estando
- Gerundio compuesto — habiendo estado
- Participio — estado
Key forms
yo
estoy
tú
estás
él/ella
está
Use the present perfect for past actions that have a connection to the present or recent past.
Key forms
yo
he estado
tú
has estado
él/ella
ha estado
Use the preterite to describe completed past actions with a clear beginning or end.
Key forms
yo
estuve
tú
estuviste
él/ella
estuvo
Use the imperfect to describe ongoing, habitual, or background actions in the past.
Key forms
yo
estaba
tú
estabas
él/ella
estaba
Use the pluperfect (pluscuamperfecto) for past actions completed before another past action.
Key forms
yo
había estado
tú
habías estado
él/ella
había estado
Use for past-before-past; mainly literary.
Key forms
yo
hube estado
tú
hubiste estado
él/ella
hubo estado
Use the future to express actions that will happen, predictions, or probability.
Key forms
yo
estaré
tú
estarás
él/ella
estará
Use the conditional for hypothetical situations, polite requests, or future in the past.
Key forms
yo
estaría
tú
estarías
él/ella
estaría
Use the future perfect for actions that will have been completed by a future time.
Key forms
yo
habré estado
tú
habrás estado
él/ella
habrá estado
Use the conditional perfect for hypothetical past actions or actions that would have been completed.
Key forms
yo
habría estado
tú
habrías estado
él/ella
habría estado
Use the present subjunctive for wishes, doubts, emotions, and after certain conjunctions.
Key forms
yo
esté
tú
estés
él/ella
esté
Use for past actions with present relevance in subjunctive contexts.
Key forms
yo
haya estado
tú
hayas estado
él/ella
haya estado
Use for hypothetical or reported past (e.g. Si viviera…).
Key forms
yo
estuviera (estuviese)
tú
estuvieras (estuvieses)
él/ella
estuviera (estuviese)
Use for past-before-past in subjunctive contexts.
Key forms
yo
hubiera estado (hubiese estado)
tú
hubieras estado (hubieses estado)
él/ella
hubiera estado (hubiese estado)
Rare; legal/formal style.
Key forms
yo
estuviere
tú
estuvieres
él/ella
estuviere
Rare; future perfect in subjunctive contexts.
Key forms
yo
hubiere estado
tú
hubieres estado
él/ella
hubiere estado
Affirmative imperative only. Negative imperative is available as a separate tense.
Key forms
yo
—
tú
está
él/ella
esté
Negative commands: use No + form (e.g. No hables.).
Key forms
yo
—
tú
estés
él/ella
esté
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