cerrar
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Pensar changes e to ie when the stem is stressed: pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensáis, piensan. This is the classic 'boot' for -ar verbs. Similar: cerrar, empezar, negar, sentar.
Conjugation
View endings (Guide)Modo
Subjuntivo
Subjuntivo
Tiempo
Presente de subjuntivo
Presente de subjuntivo
Click a tense to switch
Indicativo — Indicativo
Subjuntivo — Subjuntivo
Imperativo — Imperativo
More tenses are rolling out over time. · Full tables for some supported tenses are visible with Pro.
Formas impersonales
These are the non‑finite verb forms used in combinations and constructions.
- Infinitivo — cerrar
- Infinitivo compuesto — haber cerrado
- Gerundio — cerrando
- Gerundio compuesto — habiendo cerrado
- Participio — cerrado
Key forms
yo
cierro
tú
cierras
él/ella
cierra
Use the present perfect for past actions that have a connection to the present or recent past.
Key forms
yo
he cerrado
tú
has cerrado
él/ella
ha cerrado
Use the preterite to describe completed past actions with a clear beginning or end.
Key forms
yo
cerré
tú
cerraste
él/ella
cerró
Use the imperfect to describe ongoing, habitual, or background actions in the past.
Key forms
yo
cerraba
tú
cerrabas
él/ella
cerraba
Use the pluperfect (pluscuamperfecto) for past actions completed before another past action.
Key forms
yo
había cerrado
tú
habías cerrado
él/ella
había cerrado
Use for past-before-past; mainly literary.
Key forms
yo
hube cerrado
tú
hubiste cerrado
él/ella
hubo cerrado
Use the future to express actions that will happen, predictions, or probability.
Key forms
yo
cerraré
tú
cerrarás
él/ella
cerrará
Use the conditional for hypothetical situations, polite requests, or future in the past.
Key forms
yo
cerraría
tú
cerrarías
él/ella
cerraría
Use the future perfect for actions that will have been completed by a future time.
Key forms
yo
habré cerrado
tú
habrás cerrado
él/ella
habrá cerrado
Use the conditional perfect for hypothetical past actions or actions that would have been completed.
Key forms
yo
habría cerrado
tú
habrías cerrado
él/ella
habría cerrado
Use the present subjunctive for wishes, doubts, emotions, and after certain conjunctions.
Key forms
yo
cierre
tú
cierres
él/ella
cierre
Use for past actions with present relevance in subjunctive contexts.
Key forms
yo
haya cerrado
tú
hayas cerrado
él/ella
haya cerrado
Use for hypothetical or reported past (e.g. Si viviera…).
Key forms
yo
cerrara (cerrase)
tú
cerraras (cerrases)
él/ella
cerrara (cerrase)
Use for past-before-past in subjunctive contexts.
Key forms
yo
hubiera cerrado (hubiese cerrado)
tú
hubieras cerrado (hubieses cerrado)
él/ella
hubiera cerrado (hubiese cerrado)
Rare; legal/formal style.
Key forms
yo
cerrare
tú
cerrares
él/ella
cerrare
Rare; future perfect in subjunctive contexts.
Key forms
yo
hubiere cerrado
tú
hubieres cerrado
él/ella
hubiere cerrado
Affirmative imperative only. Negative imperative is available as a separate tense.
Key forms
yo
—
tú
cierra
él/ella
cierre
Negative commands: use No + form (e.g. No hables.).
Key forms
yo
—
tú
cierres
él/ella
cierre
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